NUNZIUM

The intricate alliance between Moscow and Pyongyang, marked by a history of mutual support and defiance of international norms, is once again under the microscope. The relationship, which has been fraught with tension and intrigue for over three decades, is characterized by Russia's tolerance of North Korean cyber operatives within its borders, even when they target Russian entities.

The recent meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un—their second in four years—has brought the dynamics of this alliance into sharper focus. The summit reportedly centered on regional and global issues, occurring simultaneously with North Korea's defiant launch of ballistic missiles in violation of UN resolutions. This act, along with Kim's declaration of the strategic importance of DPRK-Russia relations and his endorsement of Russia’s actions in Ukraine, has stirred global concern.

Despite North Korea's nuclear threats and human rights abuses, the Kremlin appears willing to deepen its cooperation with Pyongyang. This partnership is not without controversy, as evidenced by Kim's request for Putin's assistance in alleviating UN sanctions during their first summit in April 2019. The recent meeting hinted at potential military collaboration and a possible arms deal, both of which would contravene UN Security Council Resolution 2270.

Russia’s collaboration with North Korea extends to the aerospace sector and employment of North Korean workers on various Russian projects, such as the 2018 World Cup stadiums. These actions, along with allegations of Russia violating UN sanctions by laundering North Korean coal, suggest Moscow's diminishing regard for sanctions against North Korea in the current geopolitical landscape.

The Moscow-Pyongyang alliance could have significant implications beyond their bilateral relationship and the situation in Ukraine. Their mutual support, seemingly immune to global opinion, was underscored when Kim expressed unreserved support for Russia's actions in Ukraine. The two leaders' discussions included potential military cooperation, as confirmed by Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov. Their visit to the Vostochny Cosmodrome, a rocket assembly and launch site, further indicated Russia's commitment to assist North Korea in satellite construction.

Concerns have been raised by the US and South Korea regarding the possibility of Pyongyang supplying Russia with weapons and ammunition. While North Korean expert Fyodor Tertitskiy expressed skepticism about a significant deal without China's approval, Siemon Wezeman of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) noted North Korea's large stocks of ammunition compatible with Russian artillery systems. In exchange for military aid, Kim may be seeking advanced technology for satellites and nuclear-powered submarines, along with food aid for his nation.

The ripple effects of the Moscow-Pyongyang alliance are already being observed globally. Recent short-range ballistic missile launches from North Korea's east coast, detected by South Korea and Japan, have triggered an increase in defense cooperation between South Korea, the US, and Japan.

In sum, the Moscow-Pyongyang alliance, with its defiance of international norms and potential for far-reaching implications, is a matter of global concern. As these nations appear willing to risk international condemnation to advance their interests, the world watches with anticipation, waiting to see the fallout from this controversial alliance.