NUNZIUM

News That Matters

03/07/2023 ---- 11/07/2023

The geopolitical chess game of alliances and strategies continues to evolve, with Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan recently agreeing to support Sweden's bid to join NATO. This unexpected development, announced by NATO's chief Jens Stoltenberg, signals a significant shift in Turkey's stance, which had previously blocked Sweden's application due to accusations of hosting Kurdish militants. However, Sweden has since taken substantial measures to address Turkey's security concerns, including constitutional amendments, expansion of counter-terrorism operations against the Kurdistan Workers' Party, and the resumption of arms exports to Turkey.

Erdogan's support for Sweden's NATO bid is contingent on the European Union reopening frozen membership talks with Ankara, a proposition that EU officials have so far rejected. Despite this, NATO has confirmed that Sweden would back efforts to "reinvigorate Turkey's EU accession process". Turkey's journey towards EU membership, initiated in 1987, has been fraught with challenges and delays due to Turkey's increasing authoritarian tendencies.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine continues to strain relations between NATO and Russia. The recent two-day NATO summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, highlighted Ukraine's bid for membership, although all alliance members concur that Ukraine cannot join NATO amidst active warfare with Russia. On the battlefield, Ukrainian artillery troops are reportedly outmatched, with their adversaries using significantly more ammunition daily. Essential supplies from allies, including cluster munitions from the US, have been vital for Ukraine in this conflict.

Ukrainians view NATO membership as a potential deterrent to Russia and a path towards ending the war. While acknowledging the need for reforms to meet NATO's membership requirements, Ukrainians are seeking clearer and more concrete assurances from the alliance. However, some NATO members are wary of offering too much to Ukraine, fearing potential engagement in a war with Russia.

Adding to the complexity of the situation, Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov has deployed his Akhmat military unit to Bakhmut, an eastern Ukrainian city where fighting has intensified. Ukraine’s Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar confirmed Kadyrov’s account of heavy fighting around Bakhmut.

US President Joe Biden's decision to supply Ukraine with cluster bombs has elicited mixed reactions. While Ukraine's leader commended the move as "timely", it was criticized by UK's Chancellor, Rishi Sunak, and Spain's Defence Minister, Margarita Robles.

Russian President Vladimir Putin recently met with Yevgeny Prigozhin, the leader of the mercenary group, the Wagner Group, following an unsuccessful mutiny last month. The Wagner Group, a private army, has been fighting alongside the regular Russian army in Ukraine since the invasion last year.

As the world closely observes the unfolding NATO summit, the stakes are high in this intricate web of alliances, negotiations, and conflicts. The hope is for resolutions that will bring peace and stability to the regions impacted by these geopolitical complexities.

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In an announcement made on the eve of the NATO summit in Lithuania, the Biden administration revealed its decision to supply Ukraine with thousands of cluster bombs. These weapons, which disperse smaller bomblets over a large area, have been banned by over two-thirds of NATO members due to their history of causing civilian casualties. Despite this, the US views these munitions as a critical tool in bolstering Ukraine's offensive capabilities and penetrating Russian front lines.

The cluster bombs being sent to Ukraine are of a version with a reduced "dud rate," indicating that less than 3% of the smaller bomblets fail to explode. This decision is part of a larger €730 million package of military aid from the US, which also includes Bradley and Stryker armored vehicles and various types of ammunition. The last significant deployment of cluster bombs by the US was during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, with the weapons also playing a pivotal role during the 2001 Afghanistan invasion.

Meanwhile, there's a growing concern over the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, seized by Russian forces earlier in 2022. Reports indicate that the facility may have been mined by the occupying forces, with "objects resembling explosives" found on two blocks of the power plant. Experts warn that a leak could cause the plant's cooling water, which can reach 280 degrees Celsius, to evaporate, leaving a mere 27-hour window to prevent radiation from escaping. Any detonation within Zaporizhzhia's cooling system could potentially result in a disaster akin to Fukushima, Japan.

In another twist, Yevgeny Prigozhin, the chief of the Wagner mercenary group, was confirmed to be in Russia, contradicting earlier reports of his presence in Belarus. Prigozhin has instigated a rebellion against Russia's military leadership, marking a significant challenge to President Vladimir Putin's authority. This internal conflict has further divided Russia's anti-Kremlin opposition, with figures such as exiled former oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky backing Prigozhin.

The US's controversial decision to provide Ukraine with cluster munitions, the potential nuclear threat at Zaporizhzhia, and the internal discord within Russia's opposition contribute to an increasingly complex and volatile geopolitical landscape. The choices made in the coming days will undoubtedly shape the trajectory of this conflict, potentially leaving lasting impacts on international relations and the lives of numerous civilians.

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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a century-old dispute over land possession, has taken a dramatic turn with the Israeli army conducting its largest operation in the West Bank in nearly two decades. The operation, codenamed House and Garden, targeted the Jenin refugee camp, a stronghold for various armed Palestinian factions and home to 14,000 Palestinian refugees. The operation, which spanned from Monday to Wednesday, saw the deployment of intense ground and aerial forces.

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) successfully dismantled six explosives manufacturing facilities and three situation rooms, seizing a significant cache of weaponry. Despite the loss of an Israeli soldier, the IDF hailed the operation as an "extensive counterterrorism effort". It involved 15 air raids, a ground invasion with 150 armoured military vehicles, and the deployment of 1,000 elite special forces. Palestinian officials reported 12 fatalities and over 100 injuries.

This operation marks a significant shift in Israeli tactics towards the growing cross-factional Palestinian resistance. The last major assault on the Jenin camp occurred in April 2002, resulting in 52 Palestinian deaths over 10 days. Over the past six months, the Israeli army has conducted five major raids on the camp.

Following the operation, the camp's infrastructure lay in ruins, with the Palestine Red Crescent Society evacuating about 3,000 people. The Israeli army justified its incursion into the Jenin camp, citing over 50 attacks launched from there.

Despite international efforts to implement a two-state solution, the last attempt collapsed in 2014, and the conflict has only escalated since then. Frequent confrontations have become the norm, and there are concerns that the situation could spread across the rest of the occupied West Bank.

The Israeli army is now focusing on tracking and destroying weapons and explosives in the Jenin camp. Public security minister Itamar Ben Gvir drew a parallel between the conflicts in Jenin and Tel Aviv, underscoring the interconnected nature of the issue.

The operation has left a significant impact on the inhabitants of the region. Hundreds of families, like that of Fatina al-Ghoul, are returning to their homes in ruins. Local hospitals are struggling to cope with the aftermath of the fighting, and residents are in dire need of basic necessities such as drinking water, food, and shelter. The Palestinian foreign ministry has condemned the operation as an "open war against the people of Jenin".

As the conflict potentially enters a more violent phase, with plans to expand Jewish settlements on occupied land, tensions are rising. Discontent is growing among Palestinians with their leaders in the Palestinian Authority. The world watches on as the path to peace becomes increasingly fraught, but the hope for resolution persists.

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In the post-Cold War era, the simmering tensions between East and West are often overlooked. However, recent events have served as a stark reminder of these persisting frictions. On Tuesday, Russia's Defense Ministry reported the interception of five Ukrainian drones near Moscow, an incident that caused disruptions at Moscow's Vnukovo International Airport and was labeled a "terrorist act". The drones were intercepted across the Kaluga region, the town of Kubinka, and the village of Valuevo, without any reported casualties or damage.

Drone attacks have become a recurrent issue in Russia following Moscow's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Notably, the capital city of Moscow was subjected to a large-scale drone attack on May 30, following an alleged assassination attempt on President Vladimir Putin by Kyiv on May 3.

In response to these escalating tensions, NATO is planning its most significant military restructuring since the Cold War. The alliance's planning system shakeup is set to be endorsed by US President Joe Biden and his NATO counterparts at a summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, next week. Concurrently, China's defense minister, Li Shangfu, is advocating for strengthened military relations with Russia through increased military exchanges, joint exercises, and other forms of cooperation.

However, the drone attacks are not exclusively directed at Russia. Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, was targeted by a Russian drone attack on Sunday, marking the first such attack in 12 days. Despite Russia's claims of repelling Ukrainian attacks near Bakhmut and further south, Ukrainian forces have managed to reclaim 37.4 km sq of territory in the past week.

The conflict in Ukraine has also attracted the involvement of mercenaries. In a surprising turn of events, the Wagner Group, a mercenary outfit, staged an insurrection against the Russian government, seizing military sites and marching on Moscow. In exchange for halting the uprising, the Kremlin agreed not to prosecute the Wagner fighters or their leader, Yevgeny Prigozhin. The repercussions of this mutiny and the subsequent agreement with the Wagner Group remain uncertain.

Amid the military tensions, there are mounting humanitarian concerns. Russia has reportedly relocated approximately 700,000 children from Ukraine to its territory, a move that Ukraine and the US have criticized as illegal. The US estimates that Russia "forcibly deported" 260,000 children in July 2022 alone.

As the conflict continues, frontline soldiers are bearing the brunt. Ukrainian officer, Major Spartanets, criticized the French-provided AMX-10 RC tanks as unsuitable for frontline attacks due to their light armor. The Major reported instances where shrapnel from shell explosions pierced the tanks' light armor, causing casualties. Conversely, he praised the armor of the American Oshkosh and British Husky light transport vehicles supplied to Kyiv for their ability to withstand improvised explosive devices and ambushes.

In conclusion, Eastern Europe is grappling with escalating tensions characterized by drone attacks, military maneuvers, and mercenary involvement. As political leaders navigate these turbulent times, the civilians and frontline soldiers are the most affected. With no clear end in sight, hopes for a peaceful resolution to this ongoing crisis remain.

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